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Immigration to Vietnam is the process by which people migrate to Vietnam to reside in the country. After independence in 1945, immigration laws were modified to control on immigrant workers from the nearby South Asian countries such as China, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Laos, Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand. The Vietnam Department of Immigration, effectively keep a tap on the complexities of immigration and have relaxed the strict controls on immigrant worker under Decree 21/2001/ND-CP, 34/2008/NĐ-CP and 46/2011/NĐ-CP. ==History== Vietnam immigration history can be viewed as an element found in French rule between 1925 and 1933, where nearly 600,000 Chinese immigrated to Vietnam. During the Sino-Japanese war, Chinese left their country and settled in the South Vietnam to operate their business network. The war between China and Vietnam in 1978 further stepped up immigration at large, when thousands of Chinese fled China to Northern Vietnam.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=SIX PHASES OF REFUGEE EXODUS )〕 During China’s communist revolution until North Vietnam became communist, they traveled especially around Hanoi to make their way to Saigon and settled around the Cho Lon district. The North Vietnam communist made their best of efforts to drive the Chinese, however several stayed in the country and created one of the largest ethnic Chinese communities in the Vietnam. Many of the recent immigrants are Viet descendants, who have left the country during the 70’s〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Vietnamese Immigrants in the United States )〕 and returning to Vietnam due to more favorable political and economic conditions. Until the 2000, most legal immigrants were male. By the early 21st century women accounted for nearly one-third of all legal immigrants. In the most recent decade, flow of immigrants attracted more urbanized Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Da Nang, and the Central Highlands region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=An Overview of Population and Development in Vietnam )〕 Its neighboring provinces, such as Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Dong Na, and Binh Phuoc also measured increase in the flow immigrants. Contemporary immigrants tend to be younger, with people between the ages of 15 and 34 substantially overrepresented. Since the expansion of the Decree No. 21/2001/ND-CP on 30 September 1992, the Vietnam has liberalized visa policy from Russia, UK, France, Phu Quoc island, Germany, Spain, Italy and APEC Business Travel Card holders.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Visa free for APEC business travel card holders )〕 It has resulted in increase in immigrants from these countries. There are restrictions on the benefits that members of APEC Business Travel Card holders can claim, which are covered under Decree 34/2008/ND-CP.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=No: 34/2008/ND-CP )〕 It overruled existing immigration laws and exercised new temporary immigration control about foreigners working in Vietnam. Later, the Government announced that the same rules would not apply to nationals of Russia, UK, France, Phu Quoc island, Germany, Spain and Italy. The Government exercised Decree 46/2011/NĐ-CP for management of foreign employees in Vietnam, known as Managed migration for all legal labour and student migration from outside of the South Asia. This area of immigration is managed by Vietnam Ministry of Police, responsible emigration and immigration in Vietnam. Applications are made at Vietnam embassies or consulates, depending upon the type of visa or permit required. In 2012, the country saw a major increase in immigration, where nearly 200,000 immigrants entered the Vietnam.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Vietnam Statistical Data )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Immigration to Vietnam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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